Published Content

Paradigm Shift’s published articles, research papers, opinion pieces and book reviews can be found here. You can scroll down and navigate the various pages. Topics of focus broadly include global politics, current affairs, international relations, and Pakistan.

[Video] Contributions of Pakistani Christians

Written by Paradigm Shift 9:36 pm

In this video, we aim to shed light on the significant contributions made by Pakistani Christians to our society. It’s crucial to recognize and celebrate the diversity that enriches our nation’s fabric.
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Inside the Russian Wagner Group: Understanding its Role in Modern Warfare

Written by Noor Ul Huda and Hijab Naeem 7:52 pm

In the shadowy world of private military companies, one name has recently dominated headlines: the Russian Wagner Group. Known for its covert operations and alleged ties to the Russian government, the Wagner Group has long been a subject of intrigue and speculation. The group has been accused of interfering in the affairs of Middle Eastern and African states at the behest of Russia. Its amplifying notoriety comes from its not-so-covert involvement in the Russia-Ukraine war. However, in a dramatic turn of events, reports emerged in June 2023 of the private military company’s (PMC) leader, Yevgeny Prigozhin, and a group of Wagner mercenaries revolting against Moscow, revealing what some say are cracks in Putin’s power.
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Exploring Micro Hydropower Projects as a Viable Solution to Pakistan’s Energy Crisis

Written by Daniyal Bin Tanveer 7:31 pm

Pakistan possesses a hydropower potential of up to 60,000 MW, with about 40% of it coming from Gilgit-Baltistan and the Kashmir region. Although the natural topography and challenging terrain make it difficult and expensive to bring up grid electrification to most places, particularly in the northern highland parts, Daniyal Bin Tanveer presents Micro Hydro Power (MHP) projects as an interesting policy solution. The paper shall first discuss why a lack of energy production in Pakistan is a massive issue that needs to be addressed, followed by an analysis of the prevailing dynamics of the MHP market. What will follow is a look at this paper’s findings, followed by a proposal of potential policy measures that could be utilized to develop a network of MHPs where possible. Lastly, the economic implications of possibly adopting this policy measure will also be presented, before a brief conclusion ties the entire discussion together.
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Largest Airliners in the World (2022)

Written by Paradigm Shift 8:40 pm

The adventure through the skies would be impossible without the magnificent giants, so this infographic will share details about the five largest airliners in the world as of 2022. Four carriers belong to the United States, while the fifth is Irish.
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The New Confessions of an Economic Hitman

Written by Khawaja Arsalan 8:26 pm

John Perkins’ The New Confessions of an Economic Hitman was published in 2004 as an unofficial sequel to Confessions of an Economic Hitman. It is a thought-provoking and eye-opening autobiography that shares the writer’s personal experience as an economic hitman. It provides an in-depth understanding of world politics and international financial system manipulations to propagate the Super Powers’ hegemony across the globe. The book takes the readers through a journey, starting with the author’s childhood life, and how he grew into becoming an economic hitman during the ’70s and ’80s. Perkins later became a whistleblower, revealing the strategies used by the US and international organizations to lure underprivileged nations into debt traps to increase their influence across the globe.
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The Migration Crisis in Tunisia

Written by Hafsa Ammar 7:48 pm

The Republic of Tunisia, a North African country, has seen much despair over the past decade and has garnered much international recognition due to its vital role in the Arab Spring. Seen as the only state that fully turned over a new leaf and dedicated its efforts to a democratic future, it seemed that the country had a course chartered for progress and prosperity, but that soon went downhill. Currently, Tunisia is going through a major humanitarian crisis that involves police brutality, cultural and structural violence, and blatant human rights violations, especially concerning migrants and refugees.
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Unveiling the Legacy: How Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Shaped Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

Written by Fatimah Naeem 7:52 pm

Fatimah Naeem delves into the tumultuous era of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto’s leadership in Pakistan and the profound impact it had on the country’s foreign policy. With a vision of assertive diplomacy, Bhutto navigated a complex geopolitical landscape, facing both formidable challenges and remarkable triumphs. From his ambitious pursuit of nuclear capability to the redefinition of Pakistan’s role in the Muslim World, the author explores the changes in Pakistan’s relations with its neighbors and the US.
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International Airports in Pakistan

Written by Paradigm Shift 8:09 pm

This article aims to provide you with an insightful exploration of the 11 international airports in Pakistan, offering a comprehensive guide to international travel to and from Pakistan. These airports are equipped with the necessary infrastructure and services to handle both domestic and international flights.
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The Notorious Practice of Custodial Torture in Pakistan

Written by Rida Zaman 8:08 pm

Custodial torture, or torture in custody, is often used as a tool by the perpetrators of justice, i.e., law enforcement agencies. Rida Zaman asserts that these so-called custodians of justice contribute to the waning of the just and fair standards of the criminal justice system. She also notes that the relevant legislation, the Torture and Custodial Death (Prevention and Punishment) Act, 2023, suffers from procedural and substantive deficiencies.
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Parallels between Palestine and Kashmir

Written by Hafsa Ammar 8:38 pm

Palestine and Kashmir are two of the world’s most drawn-out and complex conflicts to date. They are multi-dimensional, focusing not only on a territorial epicenter but an ideological one as well. Hafsa Ammar focuses on the several parallels between these two conflicts: a Muslim-majority population, colonialism, regional enmity, geostrategic importance, among others.
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Khunjerab Pass of Pakistan: Adventure and History Unite

Written by Safarjee 9:06 pm

Khunjerab Pass, nestled in Pakistan’s Karakoram Range, is a stunning mountain pass linking Pakistan and China. Located in the Gilgit-Baltistan area and standing at 4,693 meters (15,397 feet) above sea level, Khunjerab Pass is one of the world’s highest paved border crossings.
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The Geopolitics of China’s Digital Silk Road

Written by Fizza Batool 7:30 pm

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the greatest infrastructure project in the world, has a component called the Digital Silk Road that intends to increase digital connectivity and collaboration among the participating countries. Established in 2015, it spans a variety of industries including satellite navigation, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, e-commerce, and telecommunications, stretching Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America. The Digital Silk Road is motivated by China’s desire to open new markets as well as to shift the global digital order away from the United States.
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PMS vs CSS Exams in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Comparison

Written by Rida Naeem 7:52 pm

The Central Superior Services (CSS) and Provincial Management Services (PMS) exams are two of the most sought-after competitive exams in Pakistan. Both CSS and PMS exams are known for their rigorous selection process, and those who pass them are considered among the most talented and capable individuals in the country. However, despite their similarities, there are several key differences between the exams that aspiring candidates should be aware of.
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Assessing the Implications of Pakistan-Russia Cooperation for India

Written by Ayesha Javaid 6:08 pm

Pakistan and Russia have had a long and complicated history, with relations only recently starting to warm up. But what impact will this newfound friendship have on India’s relationship with Russia? As two of the world’s largest countries, Russia and India have maintained a strategic partnership for decades, working together on everything from military defense to space exploration. But with Pakistan now cozying up to Russia, could this threaten India’s standing as Russia’s top ally in the region? Ayesha Javaid contemplates the answer to this complex question by considering the different factors at play, including historical ties, geopolitical tensions, and economic interests.
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Pakistan’s Digital Diplomacy: The Foreign Office’s Role in Global Outreach

Written by Javeria Saghir 8:04 pm

Pakistan, an emerging nation with a tech-savvy population, has the potential to become a digital powerhouse internationally, and Pakistan’s Foreign Office is essential for nurturing the country’s digital agenda and interests. Various initiatives like the e-visa system, virtual dashboard, and diplomacy policy have been taken by the foreign office. Despite the progress made in digital diplomacy in Pakistan, there are still some major issues and difficulties that need to be addressed and resolved. Javeria Saghir believes that a detailed analysis of the challenges facing Pakistan’s e-diplomacy efforts, the impact of Pakistan’s digital diplomacy initiatives, and a comparison of Pakistan’s digital diplomacy with other digitally advanced countries are necessary to realize the country’s full potential.
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Pakistan’s AI Journey: Navigating A Rocky Terrain

Written by Sameer Sohail 7:52 pm

Sameer Sohail discusses the challenges and obstacles that Pakistan is bound to face in the near future on the job market, the education system and society in general as it develops and deploys its AI systems. He focuses mainly on the issues associated with AI technologies that would be available to the general public, not the ones designed for military or national security purposes. Those issues include the government’s poor understanding of the matter, a lack of national AI policy, the alignment problem of AI and the lack of philosophical and critical thinking skills in our youth.
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The Arctic Region: A New Frontier for Geostrategic Competition

Written by Fizza Batool 7:38 pm

The Arctic region is witnessing a surge in geostrategic competition. It has attracted the attention of several key players, each with their own interests and motivations. Russia, for example, sees the Arctic as a strategic area for resource extraction and military dominance. Meanwhile, the United States is concerned about maintaining its influence in the region in the midst of China’s increasing economic and strategic involvement. The competing interests of these nations are shaping the geostrategic competition in the Arctic and have the potential to impact global dynamics.
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