Published Content

Paradigm Shift’s published articles, research papers, opinion pieces and book reviews can be found here. You can scroll down and navigate the various pages. Topics of focus broadly include global politics, current affairs, international relations, and Pakistan.

Destined for War: Can America and China Escape the Thucydides’s Trap

Written by Muhammad Shehryar 9:07 pm

Destined for War is a strategic compass for statesmen and is essential reading for students and researchers who are studying the complexities of great power politics. Allison, in this book, has given clues as to how the struggle between China and the US can end in war. The book has been a captivating exploration of the Thucydides Trap, offering profound insights into the challenges these two global powers face and the potential consequences of failing to navigate these challenges successfully. To support the claims, Alison has provided sixteen cases from the last 500 years in which a rising power challenged an existing power, of which 12 ended in war. The dynamics of the politics of the contemporary world are very different from the politics before the two World Wars because of nuclear weapons. If things are not managed diplomatically, the end of both powers could be catastrophic.
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Mobilising Women in Pakistan

Written by Faiza Ihsan 9:16 pm

The widening gender gap in Pakistan amid the ongoing economic crisis is yet another challenge Pakistan has to deal with. As indicated by the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2023, Pakistan has been ranked 142 out of 146 countries. This reveals 57.5% gender parity in Pakistan, which is the highest since 2006. A crisis-ridden country like Pakistan needs to mobilize its women for the development of the country by improving economic opportunities, providing quality education, working for their health and survival, and promoting political empowerment. It’s the need of an hour to learn from countries like Finland and Iceland which have been successful in closing their gender gap. Constituting 49 percent of Pakistan’s total population, women’s participation in the economy is the way forward.
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The Agricultural Reforms of Ayub Khan: Revolutionizing Farming in Pakistan

Written by Fiza Bibi Ameen 7:23 pm

Since its independence, Pakistan’s challenges have been calling for attention and essential reforms, but history has not seen a well-planned and effective approach to agricultural growth before Ayub Khan’s reign. Much like his strategy to industrialization, every decision he made in the agricultural sector had an impact, both directly and indirectly. This essay investigates the unique incentives offered, Ayub Khan’s stern stance against social malpractices in agriculture, the restrictions imposed on ownership of land, the positive outcomes, and the overlooked variables of the Green Revolution era.
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Evolving Concept of Sovereignty in Democratic & Capitalistic Societies

Written by Khalid Kayani 7:44 pm

Traditionally, sovereignty as a concept stirred very strong emotions and feelings. The grandeur of the idea was associated with monarchs and states. It percolated from the top towards the subjects below. However, as individual freedom and democratic norms are being translated into entrepreneurial activities/institutions, the concept of sovereignty is evolving.
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The Power of Geography

Written by Sadia Iqbal 7:42 pm

Tim Marshall, a seasoned journalist, explores the geopolitical impact of geography in “The Power of Geography.” Focusing on ten key regions, including Australia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the UK, Greece, Türkiye, the Sahel, Ethiopia, Spain, and Space, Marshall delves into historical contexts and current challenges. He connects geography with political choices and global dynamics.
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Real Estate Prediction via Machine Learning: A Case Study of Pakistan’s Cities

Written by Abuzar Shahid and Hamza Shahid Gill 9:01 pm

The traditional methods for forecasting the price of a house as well as flats fail to capture the high complexity of price variance from house to house. The purpose of this paper is to provide valuable insights into the real estate market such as potential market gaps and price estimation. Additionally, the paper aims to facilitate a comprehensive comparison among different algorithms that can be used for house price prediction.
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Guess Essay for CSS 2024 | Social Media: Reshaping Today’s Education System

Written by Torchbearer CSS Academy 8:21 pm

A possible essay question for the 2024 CSS exam could be about social media’s role in the education system. Torchbearer CSS Academy shares a sample answer to help you prep and understand the requirments of an essay question.
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[Video] Quaid e Azam, Allama Iqbal, & Pakistan’s Historical Opposition to Israel

Written by Paradigm Shift 8:30 pm

There is a belief that Pakistan is solely opposed to Israel due to the latter’s post-independence atrocities against Palestine, but this is not the complete picture.
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The Structural and Divisional Hierarchy of WAPDA

Written by Fiza Bibi Ameen 9:20 pm

The Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) has served Pakistan for 65 years, managing power generation, water supply, irrigation, and flood control. This article explores the organization’s structural and divisional hierarchy. Led by its chairman, WAPDA operates with a hierarchical structure, including members overseeing the water, power, and finance wings, along with general managers, director generals, and labor workforces.
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Rising Waters, Rising Challenges: Confronting Ghana’s Flood Crisis

Written by Muhammad Shahbaz Rajper 9:52 pm

Recent floods in Ghana’s southern regions have portrayed the devastating effect that natural disasters can have on communities, underscoring the need for climate action and disaster management strategies. Muhammad Shahbaz Rajper investigates this topic from an international relations viewpoint by detailing the roles of NGOs, the responses by the IGOs, and future actions planned as a collective response.
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Congo Bleeding for Cobalt: A Genocide in the Making

Written by Amina Iqbal and Hafsa Ammar 9:31 pm

The Democratic Republic of Congo is currently witnessing one of its worst phases of violence and displacement in history, with approximately 6 million citizens internally displaced. The quest for cobalt and extremist militias waging war in eastern provinces of Congo are causing a silent genocide of the Congolese. Collaborative efforts should prioritize civilian safety, stability promotion, and the development of long-term solutions to end the cycle of violence that has afflicted the region for far too long.
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An Overview of Riphah International University

Written by Fiza Bibi Ameen 9:03 pm

Riphah International University, a private institute chartered in 2002 by the Federal Government of Pakistan, provides advanced professional education and training with an emphasis on Islamic life and living skills. Riphah International University gives young minds the opportunity to hone their skills, harness their potential, and, through their professional and moral training, become productive citizens of Pakistan.
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China’s Maritime Strategy: Unleashing Artificial Intelligence in the South China Sea

Written by Amina Iqbal 7:19 pm

China strategically deploys artificial intelligence (AI) in the South China Sea, enhancing maritime control through deep-sea operations, maritime drones, and decision-making processes. This multifaceted approach, aimed at gaining a technological edge and expanding influence, raises significant geopolitical and security concerns, and poses challenges to international law. The strategic use of AI by China in this critical region has implications for global stability and demands careful monitoring and international cooperation.
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Alphabets of Resistance

Written by Dr. Zainab Amanullah Khan  8:00 pm

Dr. Zainab Amanullah Khan narrates the plight of the Palestinians in an alphabetical order. She delves into the concept of resistance as a potent factor in this war against the genocide by the Israeli government against the native Palestinians through alphabets. In a world where the call for justice and equity has never been louder; this piece amplifies the loud uproar that is refusing to be silenced this time. It encapsulates the sheer destruction that the brave people of Palestine have been subjected to and highlights the importance of facts as the sole driving power against propaganda in these dire times.
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IMF’s Second Tranche: Economic Reforms and Challenges for Pakistan

Written by Aliza Nasir 6:37 pm

In recent developments, Pakistan and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have reached a preliminary deal for the release of the second tranche of a $3 billion bailout package. The much-anticipated agreement, aimed at averting a financial crisis, signals a crucial step in stabilizing Pakistan’s economy. Aliza Nasir shares the key aspects of this agreement, the economic challenges faced by Pakistan, and the implications for its future.
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Combined Competitive Examination 2023 Announced by the Sindh Government

Written by Torchbearer CSS Academy 9:15 pm

The Sindh Public Service Commission (SPSC) has finally unveiled the much-anticipated advertisement for the Combined Competitive Examination 2023, a provincial-level exam, opening doors for aspiring civil servants from across the Sindh province.
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Israel’s Strategic Depth: History & The 2023 Gaza War

Written by Sarmad Ishfaq 9:54 pm

Sarmad Ishfaq examines the concept of strategic depth, primarily in the context of Israel. He outlines the historical evolution of Israel’s strategic depth, discussing both the political and maritime dimensions of the phenomenon. Considering both traditional and political strategic depth, the article explains how these two aspects have manifested themselves in the 2023 Israel-Hamas conflict.
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